小麦高、低分子量谷蛋白亚基单向一步分离法新探

利用50%的异丙醇提取普通小麦谷蛋白亚基,并用单向一步 SDS-PAGE 的方法较好地分离了小麦高、低分子量谷蛋白亚基,同时还研究了不同的提取方法及电泳条件对提取效果的影响。结果表明预处理和烷化作用对低分子量谷蛋白亚基的分离效果影响较大。该方法比较简便且分辨率较高,可以用于我国小麦低分子量谷蛋白亚基的各项研究。     

东方小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析

采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法,对87份东方小麦(TriticumturanicumJakubz.)的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成检测表明,Glu-A1和Glu-B1分别具有2种和5种不同的亚基类型。在Glu-B1位点上,东方小麦具有其明显的特点,13+16亚基出现频率最高,达60.92%,而这种亚基在普通小麦中属稀有亚基。在Glu-A1位点上,东方小麦与普通小麦、密穗小麦和硬粒小麦相似,null为主要亚基类型。筛选出具有2或7+8优质亚基的材料各9份,其中来自埃塞俄比亚的1份材料CItr14598具有(2,7+8)优质亚基组合,确属品质育种中难得的优异基因资源,可供普通小麦优质育种利用。     

离子束介导大豆DNA转入普通小麦后代的麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白分析

为了研究离子束介导大豆DNA转入普通小麦的效果,应用SDS-PAGE和A-PAGE电泳分析了离子注入介导大豆DNA转入普通小麦后代中高蛋白含量植株的麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白。SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,与对照相比有8个高蛋白含量植株的HMW-GS谱带数目发生了变化或着色增强。A-PAGE电泳结果表明,与对照相比有9个高蛋白含量植株的醇溶蛋白谱带数目及着色强度发生了变化。说明离子束介导大豆DNA转入普通小麦后代中的高蛋白含量植株在醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白基因位点上可能出现了变异。     

Polymorphism of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in three species of Aegilops

A collection of 136 accessions of Aegilops umbellulata (39), Ae. comosa (75) and Ae. markgrafii (22) was analysed for high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits composition. The homogeneity of the accessions was studied and 55.1% of the collection was homogeneous for HMW glutenin subunits (29 Ae. umbellulata, 33 Ae. comosa and 14 Ae. markgrafii). The HMW glutenin subunits of Ae. umbellulata are encoded by the Glu-U1 locus; in Ae. comosa results showed that this proteins are encoded at the 1M chromosome, and the locus was named Glu-M1. In Ae. markgrafii it was assumed that HMW glutenin subunits were encoded by an homoeologous locus and it was named Glu-C1. All the accessions of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. markgrafii expressed both, x-type and y-type subunits. Among the Ae. comosa accessions, only one expressed an x-type subunit alone. All the accessions of Ae. umbellulata and some of Ae. comosa had x-type glutenins of higher molecular weights than those commonly present in bread wheat. A total of 8 alleles were detected at the Glu-U1 locus, 11 at the Glu-M1 and 4 at the Glu-C1. The new HMW glutenin variation found in this work suggests their possible utilisation in breeding for wheat quality.